The Huawei Report 2012-2017: Securing New Markets and Gaining Competitive Advantage in the LTE Domain
telecoms report
This report examines the telecoms infrastructure landscape, and Huawei’s position within that market. Global Huawei revenues will reach $35.9 billion in 2012. Further to this the report analyses Huawei’s competitors and establishes Huawei’s strategy against its main rivals in the overall ICT market and within the rapid growth sector of LTE. Investors, MNOs, and affiliates can position themselves favourably by reading this analytic assessment of Huawei’s market position in 2012, and more crucially, where they are expected to be in 2017.
This report also outlines the ongoing struggle that Huawei faces in certain mature markets such as North America. With detailed regional information this report predicts Huawei will begin an aggressive strategy to move into the mobile device market on a global scale. Accompanying these proposed business models the report offers detailed analysis of offerings and regional forecasts for shipments and revenues from 2012-2017.
What makes this report unique?
Visiongain consults widely with industry experts. As such, our reports have a unique blend of primary and secondary sources providing informed opinion. This approach allows insight into the key drivers and restraints behind market developments, as well as identifying the significant issues. The report also presents a unique blend of qualitative analysis combined with extensive quantitative data including global, submarket and regional markets forecasts from 2012-2022 – all highlighting strategic business opportunities.
Why you should buy The Huawei Report 2012-2017: Securing New Markets and Gaining Competitive Advantage in the LTE Domain
• 142 pages • 96 tables, charts, figures and graphs • Global forecasts and analysis of Huawei’s revenues and device shipments between 2012-2017. – Mobile device shipments – Feature phone shipments – Smartphone shipments – Tablet shipments • 5 Regional Huawei revenue and device shipment forecasts from 2012-2017 including Mobile device shipments, Feature phone shipments, Smartphone shipments and Tablet shipments – North America – Latin America – Europe – Asia Pacific – Middle East and Africa • A SWOT analysis that examines Huawei’ market standing from 2012-2017 • Analysis of the forces that influence and characterise Huawei as a brand. • Details of Huawei business models and strategies going forward. • Examination of Huawei’s main competitors – Ericsson – NEC – ZTE – Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN( – Fujitsu.
You can order this report today
This visiongain Huawei report will be valuable both to those already involved in the telecoms market and those wishing to enter the OEM space in the future. Gain an understanding of Huawei’s strategies and future business models by ordering The Huawei Report 2012-2017: Securing New Markets and Gaining Competitive Advantage in the LTE Domain report today.
Report Information
Publication date: 25/09/2012 Number of Pages: 142
Pricing
Single User License: Single user copies of this report are available for GBP1549
Departmental License: Entitles up to 5 individual users to access the report for GBP2999 . This is not suitable for library usage.
Site License: Allow your company to have access to this information at one location for GBP4999 . Suitable for library storage and use.
Global License: Have your whole company worldwide to access this information for GBP6999 .
Ordering
All you need to do to order this report is contact Warren George on:
Report Title – Report License – (Single User/Departmental/Site/Global) Name – Email – Job Title – Company – Invoice Address – Telephone and Fax number – EEC VAT Number (only for E.U.)-
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary 1.1 Huawei as a Major Global Player across Many Markets 1.2 LTE to Enter Rapid Growth Phase 1.3 How Much Market Share is Available to Huawei? 1.4 Variation and Flexibility will be Key to Robust Growth of the Huawei Brand 1.5 Key Findings of This Report
2. Introduction to Huawei 2.1 Telecoms Landscape in 2012 2.1.1 Profit Loss and 2011 Performance 2.1.2 Obstacles for Huawei in 2012 2.1.3 Huawei Standing as a Key Infrastructure Player in the Market 2.2 Huawei’s Success Story 2.3 Operators Searching for New Business Models 2.4 Huawei Company History 2.5 Key Products 2.6 Company Structure 2.6.1 Naming the Board of Directors to Aid Transparency 2.7 Key Partners 2.8 Huawei Strategies for 2020 2.9 The Aim of this Report 2.10 Key Questions Answered by this Report 2.11 Structure of the Report 2.12 Target Audience 2.13 Methodology
3. Global Huawei Forecasts and Projections 2012-2017 3.1 Global Huawei Revenues 2012-2017 3.2 Global Huawei Total Device Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 3.3 Global Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 3.4 Global Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 3.5 Global Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 3.6 Global Huawei Comparative Device Shipment Forecast By Device Type 2012-2017 3.7 Global Huawei Device Shipment Forecast as Share % 2012-2017
4. Regional Huawei Forecasts and Projections 2012-2017 4.1 Asia Pacific 4.1.1 Chinese Domestic Infrastructure Market 2012-2017 4.1.2 Asia Pacific Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 4.1.3 Asia Pacific Huawei Device Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.1.3.1 Asia Pacific Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.1.3.2 Asia Pacific Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.1.3.3 Asia Pacific Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.2 North America 4.2.1 North America Huawei Revenues Forecast 2012-2017 4.2.2 Huawei Expands MSO Operations in North America 4.2.3 Verizon’s LTE Early Adopter Advantage 4.2.4 North America Huawei Device Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 4.2.4.1 North America Huawei Feature Phone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 4.2.4.2 North America Huawei Smartphone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 4.2.4.3 North America Huawei Tablet Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 4.3 Latin America 4.3.1 Latin America Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 4.3.2 Latin America Huawei Device Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 4.3.2.1 Latin America Huawei Feature Phone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 4.3.2.2 Latin America Huawei Smartphone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 4.3.2.3 Latin America Huawei Tablet Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 4.4 Europe 4.4.1 Huawei and Atos Partner for European Network Upgrades 4.4.2 Europe Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 4.4.3 Europe Huawei Device Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.4.3.1 Europe Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.4.3.2 Europe Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.4.3.3 Europe Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.5. Middle East and Africa 4.5.1 Huawei Win Bharti Airtel’s 4G Network Contract 4.5.2 African Operators Choose Huawei IP Microwave Solution for LTE Backhaul Network 4.5.3 Middle East and Africa Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 4.5.4 Middle East and Africa Huawei Device Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.5.4.1 Middle East and Africa Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.5.4.2 Middle East and Africa Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.5.4.3 Middle East and Africa Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.6 Comparative Regional Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 4.7 Comparative Regional Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.8 Comparative Regional Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 4.9 Comparative Regional Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017
5. Huawei’s LTE Standing 5.1 Huawei’s Business Divisions 5.2 Analysis of Huawei’s LTE Solution 5.3 Huawei SingleRAN Solution 5.4 Notable Achievements in LTE Market for Huawei 5.5 VoIP Support 5.5.1 Huawei’s VoLTE Solution
6. Huawei Competitor Analysis 6.1 Ericsson Developing LTE Advanced 6.2 NEC 6.3 ZTE 6.3.1 ZTE Smartphones 6.3.2 Huawei and ZTE Under Investigation from US Government 6.4 Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) 6.4.1 Change in Strategy at NSN 6.5 Fujitsu 6.5.1 Fujitsu’s LTE Solution 6.6 Competitive Analysis of Huawei Against its Rivals 6.6.1 Telecoms Equipment Vendor Solutions Assessment
7. Huawei’s Future Plans and Strategies 7.1 Failure to Win Any Large US Telco Contracts 7.2 Huawei Banned from Australian Expansion 7.3 Huawei’s Planned Global Expansions 2012 and Beyond 7.4 Huawei in the UK – BT and its vote of Confidence 7.5 Overhaul of the Corporate Security Plan to Conquer US and Australian Markets
9. Conclusions and Recommendations 9.1 Huawei’s Research and Development Budget Increased 9.2 Huawei’s Future Products and Services 9.3 Huawei’s Future Revenue Share Model 2012-2017 9.4 Key Report Statistics
10. Glossary
List of Charts in this Report
Chart 2.1: Huawei’s Chinese vs. Overseas Revenue Share 2011 (%) Chart 2.2: Overseas Huawei Sales Revenues 2010-2011 (US$, Millions) Chart 2.4: Global Huawei Sales Revenues 2010-2011 (US$ Billions) Chart 2.6: Global Huawei Device Shipments 2010-2011 (Millions) Chart 2.8: Global Comparative Sales Revenues for Cisco, Ericsson and Huawei 2011 (US$ Billions) Chart 2.9: Global Operators Using Huawei Equipment 2012 (%) Chart 2.13: Huawei Projected Company Sectors 2020 (%) Chart 3.1: Global Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$ Billions) Chart 3.3: Global Huawei Device Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 3.5: Global Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 3.7: Global Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 3.9: Global Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 3.11: Global Huawei Comparative Device Shipment Forecast By Device Type 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 3.14: Global Huawei Device Shipments Forecast by Device Share 2012-2017 (%) Chart 4.2: Leading Chinese Telecoms Infrastructure Company Share 2012 (%) Chart 4.3: Leading Chinese Telecoms Infrastructure Company Share 2017 (%) Chart 4.4: Asia Pacific Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$, Billions) Chart 4.6: Asia Pacific Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.8: Asia Pacific Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.10: Asia Pacific Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.12: North America Huawei Revenues Forecast 2012-2017 (US$ Billions) Chart 4.14: North America Huawei Feature Phone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.16: North America Huawei Smartphone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.18: North America Huawei Tablet Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.21: Latin America Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$, Billions) Chart 4.23: Latin America Huawei Feature Phone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.25: Latin America Huawei Smartphone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.27: Latin America Huawei Tablet Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.29: Europe Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$, Millions) Chart 4.31: Europe Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.33: Europe Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.35: Europe Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.38: Middle East and Africa Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$, Billions) Chart 4.40: Middle East and Africa Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.42: Middle East and Africa Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.44: Middle East and Africa Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.46: Regional Comparative Summary Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$ Billions) Chart 4.48: Comparative Regional Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.50: Comparative Regional Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 4.52: Comparative Regional Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions) Chart 6.1: Global ZTE Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2011-2012 (Millions) Chart 6.3: Global Top 5 Smartphone Vendors by Device Shipments Market Share Q2 2012 (%) Chart 6.5: Global Top 5 Mobile Phone Vendors by Device Shipments Q2 2012 Market Share (%) Chart 6.7: Telecoms Network Equipment Vendor Assessment 2012 (Scored on E2E, SON, TCO, Customisation, Total) Chart 9.1: Global Huawei Research and Development Budget 2011-2012 (US$ Billions) Chart 9.2: Huawei Revenue Expenditure for Research and Development 2012 Chart 9.3: Huawei Revenue Share Model 2012 (%) Chart 9.4: Huawei Revenue Share Model 2017 (%)
List of Figures in this Report
Figure 2.12: Huawei Company Structure Figure 8.1: Huawei SWOT Analysis
List of Tables in this Report
Table 2.3: Overseas Huawei Sales Revenues 2010-2011 (US$, Millions, AGR %) Table 2.5: Global Huawei Sales Revenues 2010-2011 (US$ Billions) Table 2.7: Global Huawei Device Shipments 2010-2011 (Millions) Table 2.10: Key Huawei Company Facts 1987-2011 Table 2.11: Huawei Key Products Sets 2012 Table 3.2: Global Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$ Billions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 3.4: Global Huawei Device Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 3.6: Global Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 3.8: Global Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 3.10: Global Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 3.12: Global Huawei Comparative Device Shipment Forecast by Device Type 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 3.13: Global Huawei Device Shipments Forecast by Device Share 2012-2017 (%) Table 4.1: Asia Pacific Huawei Operator Partnerships 2012 Table 4.5: Asia Pacific Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$, Billions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.7: Asia Pacific Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.9: Asia Pacific Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.11: Asia Pacific Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.13: North America Huawei Revenues Forecast 2012-2017 (US$ Billions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.15: North America Huawei Feature Phone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.17: North America Huawei Smartphone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.19: North America Huawei Tablet Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.20: Latin America Huawei Market Ranking in 4 Segments 2012 Table 4.22: Latin America Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$, Billions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.24: Latin America Huawei Feature Phone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.26: Latin America Huawei Smartphone Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.28: Latin America Huawei Tablet Shipments Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.30: Europe Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$, Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.32: Europe Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.34: Europe Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.36: Europe Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.37: Huawei’s Middle East and Africa Key Milestones 2010-2012 Table 4.39: Middle East and Africa Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$, Billions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.41: Middle East and Africa Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.43: Middle East and Africa Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.45: Middle East and Africa Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.47: Regional Comparative Summary Huawei Revenue Forecast 2012-2017 (US$ Billions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.49 Comparative Regional Huawei Feature Phone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CGAR %) Table 4.51: Comparative Regional Huawei Smartphone Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 4.53: Comparative Regional Huawei Tablet Shipment Forecast 2012-2017 (Millions, AGR %, CAGR %) Table 5.1: Huawei Core Business Divisions 2012 Table 5.2: Global LTE Roll Out Schedule (Country, Operator, Launch Date) Table 5.3: Key Facets of the Huawei SingleRAN Solution Table 5.4: Huawei’s Key LTE Achievements 2004-2012 Table 6.2: Global Top 5 Smartphone Vendors by Device Shipments Q2 2011- Q2 2012 (Shipments in Millions, Market Share %) Table 6.4: Global Top 5 Mobile Phone Vendors by Device Shipments Q2 2011- Q2 2012 (Shipments in Millions, Market Share %) Table 6.6: Telecoms Network Equipment Vendor Assessment 2012 (Scored on E2E, SON, TCO, Customisation, Total)
Companies Mentioned in this report
2 Degrees 3 3 Denmark 3 Italia 3 UK 8ta A1 Telekom Accenture Accenture ACN Agri-Valley Broadband Aircell AIS Al Madar Alaska Communications Alcatel-Lucent Algar Telecom America Movil Andorra Telecom Antel Appalachian Wireless Apple Armentel Arqiva Asiaspace AT&T Mobility Atos Augere Avaya Avea Bakrie Telecom Base Telecom Batelco Bayan Telecommunications (Bayantel) BayRICS Beeline Belgacome Bell Canada Bell Mobility BendBroadband BeST Bharti Airtel Bite Bluegrass Cellular Bouygues Telecom BSNL BT BTC C Spire Wireless CANTV Carolina West Wireless CAT Celcom Cell C Cellcom Cellular South CentreNet CenturyTel Chariton Valley Comms China Mobile Telecommunications China Telecom China Unicom Chunghwa Telecom Cisco Claro Clear Mobitel CLEAR mobyl Cleartalk Clearwire CNT Commnet Wireless Convergence Technologies Cosmote Cox Communications Cricket Cross Telephone CSL Limited Custer Telephone Datang Mobile Dedicado Deutsche Telekom Dialog Axiata DiGi Digitel Dish Network DNA DPC/AIS Du E Plus Elisa Emobile EMT Energy Australia Ausgrid Entel Entel Movil Entel PCS ERA Ericsson Etex Telephone Co-op Etisalat Etisalat Misr Everything Everywhere Fitel FPT Telecom Fujitsu GE Genius Brand Glo Mobile Global Mobile Globe Globenet Google H3G HCPT Hewlett Packard (HP) Hibernia High Speed Access Corporation Hong Kong Telecommunications HTC Huawei Huawei Australia Huawei Europe Huawei North America Hutchinson Telecommunications Hutchison 3 IBM ICE Indosat International Business Machines Corp (IBM) International Turnkey Systems Kcell KDDI Kordia Kore Telecom KPN KPN Base KT Lattelecom Leap Wireless Level 3 LG U+ LightSquared LMT M1 M1 Singapore Magticom Maxis Megafon MetroPCS Millicom Mobikom Austria Mobily Mobinil Mobistar Mobitel Mobyland Moldcell Monaco Telecom Mosaic Telecom Motorola Movicel Movistar MTC M-Tel MTN MTNL MTS MTS Allstream MTS-Ukraine NBN Co Ncell NEC Nextel Nokia Nokia Siemens Networks Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) Northwest Cell NTT DoCoMo Nucleus Connect O2 O2 Secure Wireless OAO Voentelecom Oi Omantel Omnitel One Communications Open mobile Optimus Optus Orange Orange Armenia Orange Telecom P1 Networks Panhandle Telephone Co-op (PTC) PCCW PCDT Smart Peoples Telephone Co-op (PTC) Personal Piltel Pioneer Cellular PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC) PTCL Public Service Wireless Qtel Qualcomm India Reliance Rogers Wireless Rostelecom S and R Communications S&T Telephone Cooperative Safaricom Samsung Sasktel SFR Siemens SingTel SK Telecom Sky Brazil Skype Smart Communications Smartone Softbank Group Company Softbank Mobile Sonaecom SpeedConnect Sprint Starcomms Starhub STC Strata Networks Suddenlink Sunrise Swisscom T Mobile T Mobile Slovensko T Mobile USA TDC Telcel Tele2 Tele2 Sweden Telecom Italia Telecom NZ Telefonica Telenet TeleNor Telenor Magyarorszag Telenor Sweden Telfort TeliaSonera Telkom Telkomsel Telmex Telstra Telus Texas Energy Network T-Hrvatski Telekom Thumb Cellular Tikona Digital TIM TMN TOT Triatel True Move Tunisiana Turkcell Tyco Communications U Mobile UCell UK Broadband Ultrafast Fiber (New Zealand) UME EPM Unicom United Wireless Unitel US Cellular VDC Verizon Wireless VHA Videotron Viettel Vimpelcom VIPNet Viva Viva Bahrain Viva Cell-MTS Vivid Wireless Vivo Vodacom Vodafone Vodafone NZ Vodafone Portugal Vodafone Qatar Vox WAC Wataniya Telecom WBS Wind Wind Mobile Woosh XL Axiata XO Xplorenet Yoigo Yota ZAIN Ziggo4 ZODAFONES ZTE
Government Agencies and Other Organisations Mentioned in This Report
3G Americas 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) ATIS CCIB (Centro de Convenciones Internacional de Barcelona) CDG Chinese Army Distributed Management Task Force DSL Forum European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) GSMA (Groupe Spéciale Mobile Association) IMS World Forum IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Internet Engineering Task Force LSTI (The LTE/SAE Trial Initiative) NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) National Institute of Standards and Technology NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance) OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) Swedish Post and Telecom Agency (PTS) TM Forum (TMF) US Department of Commerce US House of Representatives WiMAX Forum
Pricing
Single User License: Single user copies of this report are available for GBP1549
Departmental License: Entitles up to 5 individual users to access the report for GBP2999 . This is not suitable for library usage.
Site License: Allow your company to have access to this information at one location for GBP4999 . Suitable for library storage and use.
Global License: Have your whole company worldwide to access this information for GBP6999 .
Ordering
All you need to do to order this report is contact Warren George on:
Report Title – Report License – (Single User/Departmental/Site/Global) Name – Email – Job Title – Company – Invoice Address – Telephone and Fax number – EEC VAT Number (only for E.U.)-